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1 выпускать струей
produce jet глагол: -
2 ausstoßen
v/t1. (Luft, Plazenta) expel; (Dampf etc.) give off; (Rauchwolken) send out; TECH. (Kassette etc.) eject; (Geschoss) fire, discharge; Vulkan: belch; der Tintenfisch stößt bei Gefahr Farbwolken aus the octopus releases clouds of ink when threatened3. WIRTS. (produzieren) turn out, produce5. (ausschließen) expel ( aus from); (verbannen) exile (from); ( aus der Gesellschaft) ausstoßen ostracize, banish; sich ausgestoßen fühlen feel like an outcast, feel ostracized; aus der Armee ausstoßen discharge s.o. (dishono[u]rably) from the army; aus der Kirche ausstoßen excommunicate s.o.* * *to hurl; to eject; to jet; to drive out; to ejaculate; to exhale; to heave; to vomit; to utter* * *aus|sto|ßenvt sepjdn aus der Gesellschaft áússtoßen — to banish sb from society, to cast sb out from society
See:→ Ausgestoßene(r)3) (= herausstoßen) to eject, to discharge; Atem, Plazenta to expel; Gas etc to give off, to emit; (NAUT ) Torpedo to fire; (= herstellen) Teile, Stückzahl to put or turn out, to produce4)ein Auge/einen Zahn áússtoßen — to lose an eye/a tooth
jdm ein Auge áússtoßen — to put sb's eye out
jdm einen Zahn áússtoßen — to knock sb's tooth out
* * *1) ((often with out) (of a chimney etc) to throw (out) violently: factory chimneys belching (out) smoke.) belch2) (to bring up (eg from the stomach); to throw out or up: The chimney was disgorging clouds of black smoke.) disgorge3) (to utter or exclaim suddenly.) ejaculate4) (to refuse to accept (someone) in society or a group: His former friends ostracized him because of his rudeness.) ostracize5) (to refuse to accept (someone) in society or a group: His former friends ostracized him because of his rudeness.) ostracise* * *aus|sto·ßen1. (hervorbringen)Gase \ausstoßen to emit [or give off] gases2. (von sich geben)einen Seufzer \ausstoßen to utter a sigheinen Schrei \ausstoßen to give [out] a shout, to shout outLaute \ausstoßen to make noises4. (verlieren lassen)▪ jdm einen Zahn \ausstoßen to knock out sb's toothjdm ein Auge \ausstoßen to poke out sb's eye5. (ausschließen)6. (produzieren)▪ etw \ausstoßen to turn out sth, to produce sth* * *unregelmäßiges transitives Verb2) give <cry, whistle, laugh, etc.>; let out <cry, scream, yell>; heave, give < sigh>; utter <curse, threat, accusation, etc.>3)sich ausgestoßen fühlen — feel an outcast
* * *ausstoßen v/t (irr, trennb, hat -ge-)1. (Luft, Plazenta) expel; (Dampf etc) give off; (Rauchwolken) send out; TECH (Kassette etc) eject; (Geschoss) fire, discharge; Vulkan: belch;der Tintenfisch stößt bei Gefahr Farbwolken aus the octopus releases clouds of ink when threatened5. (ausschließen) expel (aus from); (verbannen) exile (from);(aus der Gesellschaft) ausstoßen ostracize, banish;sich ausgestoßen fühlen feel like an outcast, feel ostracized;aus der Armee ausstoßen discharge sb (dishono[u]rably) from the army;aus der Kirche ausstoßen excommunicate sb* * *unregelmäßiges transitives Verb1) expel; give off, emit <gas, fumes, smoke>2) give <cry, whistle, laugh, etc.>; let out <cry, scream, yell>; heave, give < sigh>; utter <curse, threat, accusation, etc.>3)* * *v.to churn out v.to ejaculate v.to eject v.to expel v.to extrude v.to jet v. -
3 motor
adj.motive, driving, motor.m.1 motor, engine.2 motor, driving force.* * *► adjetivo1 motive2 BIOLOGÍA motor1 TÉCNICA engine2 figurado driving force\motor de arranque starter motormotor de explosión internal-combustion enginemotor de inyección fuel-injection enginemotor de reacción jet enginemotor fuera bordo outboard motor————————1 TÉCNICA engine2 figurado driving force* * *noun m.1) motor, engine2) cause* * *1. ADJ1) (Téc) motive, motor (EEUU)2) (Anat) motor2.SM motor, enginemotor eléctrico — electric motor o engine
motor a chorro, motor a reacción — jet engine
motor de arranque — starter, starter motor
motor de búsqueda — (Internet) search engine
motor de combustión interna, motor de explosión — internal combustion engine
motor de puesta en marcha — starter, starter motor
* * *I II1) (Tec) enginefunciona con or a motor — it is motor-driven
2) ( impulsor) driving force* * *= prime mover, engine, driving force, driver.Ex. The implementation of successive programmes for supplying educational institutions with microcomputer equipment seems to be the principal prime mover of computerisation processes.Ex. These companies have been racing to define the information superhighway for themselves, and to stake a claim in what they view as the economic engine of the information age.Ex. On-line services have been one of the most powerful driving forces moving information away from its traditional definition and towards the commodity view.Ex. The realization that knowledge and information provide the fundamental drivers of economic growth is beginning to permeate economic and management thinking.----* barco a motor = motorboat.* calentar motores = prime + the pump.* carrera de coches improvisados sin motor = soapbox derby race, soapbox derby.* el motor de = the power behind.* industria del motor, la = motor industry, the, motor trade, the.* lancha a motor = motorboat.* lancha de motor = power boat.* lancha motora = speedboat, motorboat.* motor a chorro = jet engine.* motor a reacción = jet engine.* motor + calar = engine + stall.* motor de búsqueda = portal, search engine, crawler.* motor de combustión = combustion engine.* motor de combustión interna = internal combustion engine.* motor de explosión = combustion engine.* motor de explosión interna = internal combustion engine.* motor de gasolina = gasoline engine.* motor del cambio = driver of change.* motor de propulsión a chorro = jet engine.* motor diesel = diesel engine.* motor eléctrico = electric motor.* tráfico a motor = motor traffic.* vehículo de tierra a motor = motor land vehicle.* * *I II1) (Tec) enginefunciona con or a motor — it is motor-driven
2) ( impulsor) driving force* * *= prime mover, engine, driving force, driver.Ex: The implementation of successive programmes for supplying educational institutions with microcomputer equipment seems to be the principal prime mover of computerisation processes.
Ex: These companies have been racing to define the information superhighway for themselves, and to stake a claim in what they view as the economic engine of the information age.Ex: On-line services have been one of the most powerful driving forces moving information away from its traditional definition and towards the commodity view.Ex: The realization that knowledge and information provide the fundamental drivers of economic growth is beginning to permeate economic and management thinking.* barco a motor = motorboat.* calentar motores = prime + the pump.* carrera de coches improvisados sin motor = soapbox derby race, soapbox derby.* el motor de = the power behind.* industria del motor, la = motor industry, the, motor trade, the.* lancha a motor = motorboat.* lancha de motor = power boat.* lancha motora = speedboat, motorboat.* motor a chorro = jet engine.* motor a reacción = jet engine.* motor + calar = engine + stall.* motor de búsqueda = portal, search engine, crawler.* motor de combustión = combustion engine.* motor de combustión interna = internal combustion engine.* motor de explosión = combustion engine.* motor de explosión interna = internal combustion engine.* motor de gasolina = gasoline engine.* motor del cambio = driver of change.* motor de propulsión a chorro = jet engine.* motor diesel = diesel engine.* motor eléctrico = electric motor.* tráfico a motor = motor traffic.* vehículo de tierra a motor = motor land vehicle.* * *motor ( before n)el desarrollo motor de un niño the development of a child's motor functionsA ( Tec) enginecalentar el motor ( Auto) to warm (up) the engineCompuestos:fuel-injected enginejet enginestarter motorinternal combustion engine● motor de émbolo or de pistónpiston engineinternal combustion enginejet enginediesel engineelectric motorradial engineoutboard motorhydraulic engineB (impulsor) driving forceel motor de la economía alemana the driving force o the engine of the German economy* * *
motor 1◊ - triz, motor -tora adjetivo
motor ( before n)
motor 2 sustantivo masculino
1 (Tec) engine;
2 ( impulsor) driving force
motor, motriz adjetivo motor
fuerza motriz, driving/ motive/propelling force
motor sustantivo masculino
1 (de combustible) engine
(eléctrico) motor
motor de arranque, starter (motor)
motor de explosión, internal-combustion engine
motor de reacción, jet engine ➣ Ver nota en engine 2 fig (propulsor, fuerza motriz) el motor de la Historia, the driving force of History
' motor' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ahogarse
- amaraje
- borda
- DGT
- echar
- enloquecer
- escudería
- fallo
- fiable
- forzar
- fueraborda
- motricidad
- motriz
- reacción
- reactor
- salirse
- salón
- tiempo
- vuelo
- acelerar
- adaptar
- afinar
- aflojar
- agarrotar
- ahogar
- alimentación
- alimentar
- apagado
- apagar
- arrancar
- atascar
- automotor
- automovilismo
- automovilístico
- calar
- calentar
- caminar
- carburar
- cargar
- chingar
- chorro
- cilindro
- culata
- desarmar
- detonación
- económico
- eléctrico
- encender
- enfriar
- escobilla
English:
burn out
- check
- combustion engine
- conk out
- crank
- cut out
- die
- diesel engine
- engine
- engine driver
- fume
- gliding
- hang-gliding
- horsepower
- inboard
- internal-combustion engine
- misfire
- motor
- motor racing
- motor-car
- outboard
- powered
- race
- response
- rev
- seize up
- speed up
- starter
- take apart
- whine
- coast
- combustion
- formula
- jet
- launch
- out
- pack
- power
- run
- scooter
- steam
* * *1. Anat motor;habilidades motoras motor skills2. [que produce desarrollo]el sector motor de la economía the sector which is the driving force of the economymotor2 nm1. [máquina] engine, motormotor alternativo reciprocating engine;motor de arranque starter, starter motor;motor de cohete rocket engine;motor de combustión combustion engine;motor de combustión interna internal combustion engine;motor de cuatro tiempos four-stroke engine;motor diesel diesel engine;motor de dos tiempos two-stroke engine;motor eléctrico electric motor;motor de explosión internal combustion engine;motor (de) fueraborda outboard motor o engine;motor de inducción induction motor;motor de inyección fuel-injection engine;motor iónico ion engine;motor de reacción jet engine;motor rotativo rotary engine;motor de turbina turbine engine2. [fuerza] driving force;el motor de la economía the driving force in the economy;el motor del equipo [en deporte] the team dynamo3. [causa] instigator, cause* * *I adj ANAT motorII m engine; eléctrico motor* * *motor, -ra adjmotriz: motormotor nm1) : motor, engine2) : driving force, cause* * *motor n1. (de vehículo) engine2. (eléctrico) motor -
4 Svaty, Vladimir
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]fl. 1950 Czechoslovakia[br]Czech inventor of a loom across which the weft was projected by a jet of water.[br]Since the 1930s people have been experimenting with ways of inserting the weft during weaving without using a massive shuttle. This would save wasting the energy that a shuttle requires to accelerate it through the warp and which is only to be lost when the shuttle is stopped in its box. Around 1950, the Czech engineer Vladimir Svaty had been working on air-jet looms, in which the weft was wafted across the loom by a jet of air. He then switched his interest to waterjet looms, and in 1955, at the Brussels exhibition, the first water-jet loom was displayed to a surprised world. In 1959 the Czechs had installed 150 of these looms at Semily in Czechoslovakia, weaving cloth 41 in. (104 cm) wide at 350 picks per minute. Water-jet looms are suitable only for certain types of synthetic fibres which are not affected by the wet. They are compact, quiet, mechanically simple and free from weft vibration. They find their most appropriate use in weaving simple fabrics from water-insensitive, continuous-filament yarn, which they can produce economically and with the highest quality.[br]Further ReadingJ.J.Vincent, 1980, Shuttleless Looms, Manchester (written with inside knowledge of the problems; the author tried to develop a shuttleless loom himself).RLH -
5 выпускать
1) General subject: bleed (воздух), bring out, deliver (с завода), discharge, drain, drop out, ease (швы в платье), eject (дым и т. п.), elide, emit (деньги, воззвания и т. п.), empty, exhaust (пар), float (заём, акции), get out (о книге, модели чего-л. и т.п.), give forth, give out, graduate, issue, launch (снаряд), leave out, let (out of, from), let loose, let off (пар; тж. перен.), loose, omit, outlet, output, produce, project, publish, push out, put out, quit hold of (из рук), release, relinquish, send out, slip (стрелу), sluice, squib, tap, throw off, turn, turn out, unclasp (из рук, из объятий), unhand (из рук), unsluice, vent (дым и т. п.), vent (дым и т.п.), vent-hole (дым и т.п.), venthole (дым и т.п.), churn out, let out (о платье), let out (платье), (например, пар, гной) tap out, blow out2) Geology: ejaculate5) Naval: get away, release (из печати)6) Medicine: deflate8) Military: discharge9) Engineering: blow off (пар), deflate (газ), discharge (опорожнять), draw (руду), exhaust (отработавшие газы), let down (шасси), let off (воздух, газ, пар), let out (газ), make (продукцию), produce (продукцию), relieve (газ), run out (механизацию крыла), tap (плавку), tap out10) Rare: (outlet) outlet11) Chemistry: delivered12) Construction: rush out13) Railway term: tap off (грязное масло)16) Architecture: produce (проект, продукцию и т.п.)17) Mining: abut, blow off (напр. пар, отработанный воздух), creep down19) Metallurgy: flush, run (металл из печи), tap (металл)20) TV: present21) Information technology: jet, release (вариант программного изделия), unleash22) Oil: bleed off (отстоявшуюся воду или грязь из резервуара), drawoff, empty (жидкость, газ), vent (газ)25) Silicates: let off26) Business: put forth27) Crystallography: withdraw29) Oil&Gas technology blow off30) Education: train31) Polymers: manufacture (продукцию)32) Automation: blow off (воздух), turn out (продукцию)33) Quality control: release (продукцию)35) Makarov: discharge (воду), discharge (опорожнять, выбрасывать), drain (воду), drop, escape, leave go, let (out of, from), let go, make (изготавливать), make, manufacture, produce, turn out (изготавливать), manufacture (изготавливать), produce (изготавливать), project (напр., снаряд), publish (о газете, журнале), release (давать выход, напр. воздуху, газу), release (новую версию программного изделия), tap (плавку из печи), tap a heat (плавку из печи), tap out (напр. шлак), turn out (изготавливать), yield, drain off, draw off (металл), cast off (соколов) -
6 Dassault (Bloch), Marcel
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 22 January 1892 Paris, Franced. 18 April 1986 Paris, France[br]French aircraft designer and manufacturer, best known for his jet fighters the Mystère and Mirage.[br]During the First World War, Marcel Bloch (he later changed his name to Dassault) worked on French military aircraft and developed a very successful propeller. With his associate, Henri Potez, he set up a company to produce their Eclair wooden propeller in a furniture workshop in Paris. In 1917 they produced a two-seater aircraft which was ordered but then cancelled when the war ended. Potez continued to built aircraft under his own name, but Bloch turned to property speculation, at which he was very successful. In 1930 Bloch returned to the aviation business with an unsuccessful bomber followed by several moderately effective airliners, including the Bloch 220 of 1935, which was similar to the DC-3. He was involved in the design of a four-engined airliner, the SNCASE Languedoc, which flew in September 1939. During the Second World War, Bloch and his brothers became important figures in the French Resistance Movement. Marcel Bloch was eventually captured but survived; however, one of his brothers was executed, and after the war Bloch changed his name to Dassault, which had been his brother's code name in the Resistance. During the 1950s, Avions Marcel Dassault rapidly grew to become Europe's foremost producer of jet fighters. The Ouragon was followed by the Mystère, Etendard and then the outstanding Mirage series. The basic delta-winged Mirage III, with a speed of Mach 2, was soon serving in twenty countries around the world. From this evolved a variable geometry version, a vertical-take-off aircraft, an enlarged light bomber capable of carrying a nuclear bomb, and a swept-wing version for the 1970s. Dassault also produced a successful series of jet airliners starting with the Fan Jet Falcon of 1963. When the Dassault and Breguet companies merged in 1971, Marcel Dassault was still a force to be reckoned with.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsGuggenheim Medal. Deputy, Assemblée nationale 1951–5 and 1958–86.Bibliography1971, Le Talisman, Paris: Editions J'ai lu (autobiography).Further Reading1976, "The Mirage Maker", Sunday Times Magazine (1 June).Jane's All the World's Aircraft, London: Jane's (details of Bloch and Dassault aircraft can be found in various years' editions).JDSBiographical history of technology > Dassault (Bloch), Marcel
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7 Gurney, Sir Goldsworthy
SUBJECT AREA: Automotive engineering, Land transport, Mining and extraction technology, Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 14 February 1793 Treator, near Padstow, Cornwall, Englandd. 28 February 1875 Reeds, near Bude, Cornwall, England[br]English pioneer of steam road transport.[br]Educated at Truro Grammar School, he then studied under Dr Avery at Wadebridge to become a doctor of medicine. He settled as a surgeon in Wadebridge, spending his leisure time in building an organ and in the study of chemistry and mechanical science. He married Elizabeth Symons in 1814, and in 1820 moved with his wife to London. He delivered a course of lectures at the Surrey Institution on the elements of chemical science, attended by, amongst others, the young Michael Faraday. While there, Gurney made his first invention, the oxyhydrogen blowpipe. For this he received the Gold Medal of the Society of Arts. He experimented with lime and magnesia for the production of an illuminant for lighthouses with some success. He invented a musical instrument of glasses played like a piano.In 1823 he started experiments related to steam and locomotion which necessitated taking a partner in to his medical practice, from which he resigned shortly after. His objective was to produce a steam-driven vehicle to run on common roads. His invention of the steam-jet of blast greatly improved the performance of the steam engine. In 1827 he took his steam carriage to Cyfarthfa at the request of Mr Crawshaw, and while there applied his steam-jet to the blast furnaces, greatly improving their performance in the manufacture of iron. Much of the success of George Stephenson's steam engine, the Rocket was due to Gurney's steam blast.In July 1829 Gurney made a historic trip with his road locomotive. This was from London to Bath and back, which was accomplished at a speed of 18 mph (29 km/h) and was made at the instigation of the Quartermaster-General of the Army. So successful was the carriage that Sir Charles Dance started to run a regular service with it between Gloucester and Cheltenham. This ran for three months without accident, until Parliament introduced prohibitive taxation on all self-propelled vehicles. A House of Commons committee proposed that these should be abolished as inhibiting progress, but this was not done. Sir Goldsworthy petitioned Parliament on the harm being done to him, but nothing was done and the coming of the railways put the matter beyond consideration. He devoted his time to finding other uses for the steam-jet: it was used for extinguishing fires in coal-mines, some of which had been burning for many years; he developed a stove for the production of gas from oil and other fatty substances, intended for lighthouses; he was responsible for the heating and the lighting of both the old and the new Houses of Parliament. His evidence after a colliery explosion resulted in an Act of Parliament requiring all mines to have two shafts. He was knighted in 1863, the same year that he suffered a stroke which incapacitated him. He retired to his house at Reeds, near Bude, where he was looked after by his daughter, Anna.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1863. Society of Arts Gold Medal.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Gurney, Sir Goldsworthy
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8 При ударе
The car body collapses on impactAn inward jet will also produce vortex rings on impact with the opposite jetРусско-английский словарь по прикладной математике и механике > При ударе
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9 Messerschmitt, Willi E.
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 26 June 1898 Frankfurt-am-Main, Germanyd. 17 September 1978 Munich, Germany[br]German aircraft designer noted for successful fighters such as the Bf 109, one of the world's most widely produced aircraft.[br]Messerschmitt studied engineering at the Munich Institute of Tchnology and obtained his degree in 1923. By 1926 he was Chief Designer at the Bayerische Flugzeugwerke in Augsburg. Due to the ban on military aircraft in Germany following the First World War, his early designs included gliders, light aircraft, and a series of high-wing airliners. He began to make a major impact on German aircraft design once Hitler came to power and threw off the shackles of the Treaty of Versailles, which so restricted Germany's armed forces. In 1932 he bought out the now-bankrupt Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, but initially, because of enmity between himself and the German aviation minister, was not invited to compete for an air force contract for a single-engined fighter. However, in 1934 Messerschmitt designed the Bf 108 Taifun, a small civil aircraft with a fighter-like appearance. This displayed the quality of his design and the German air ministry was forced to recognize him. As a result, he unveiled the famous Bf 109 fighter which first flew in August 1935; it was used during the Spanish Civil War in 1936–9, and was to become one of the foremost combat aircraft of the Second World War. In 1938, after several name changes, the company became Messerschmitt Aktien-Gesellschaft (and hence a change of prefix from Bf to Me). During April 1939 a Messerschmitt aircraft broke the world air-speed record at 755.14 km/h (469.32 mph): it was entered in the FAI records as a Bf 109R, but was more accurately a new design designated Me 209V-1.During the Second World War, the 5/70P was progressively improved, and eventually almost 35,000 were built. Other successful fighters followed, such as the twin-engined Me 110 which also served as a bomber and night fighter. The Messerschmitt Me 262 twin-engined jet fighter, the first jet aircraft in the world to enter service, flew during the early years of the war, but it was never given a high priority by the High Command and only a small number were in service when the war ended. Another revolutionary Messerschmitt AG design was the Me 163 Komet, the concept of Professor Alexander Lippisch who had joined Messerschmitt's company in 1939; this was the first rocket-propelled fighter to enter service. It was a small tailless design capable of 880 km/hr (550 mph), but its duration under power was only about 10 minutes and it was very dangerous to fly. From late 1944 onwards it was used to intercept the United States Air Force bombers during their daylight raids. At the other end of the scale, Messerschmitt produced the Me 321 Gigant, a huge transport glider which was towed behind a flight of three Me 110s. Later it was equipped with six engines, but it was an easy target for allied fighters. This was a costly white elephant, as was his high-speed twin-engined Me 210 fighter-bomber project which nearly made his company bankrupt. Nevertheless, he was certainly an innovator and was much admired by Hitler, who declared that he had "the skull of a genius", because of the Me 163 Komet rocket-powered fighter and the Me 262.At the end of the war Messerschmitt was detained by the Americans for two years. In 1952 Messerschmitt became an aviation adviser to the Spanish government, and his Bf109 was produced in Spain as the Hispano Buchon for a number of years and was powered by Rolls-Royce Merlin engines. A factory was also constructed in Egypt to produce aircraft to Messerschmitt's designs. His German company, banned from building aircraft, produced prefabricated houses, sewing machines and, from 1953 to 1962, a series of bubble-cars: the KR 175 (1953–55) and the KR 200 (1955–62) were single-cylinder three-wheeled bubble-cars, and the Tiger (1958–62) was a twin-cylinder, 500cc four-wheeler. In 1958 Messerschmitt resumed aircraft construction in Germany and later became the Honorary Chairman of the merged Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm company (now part of the Franco-German Eurocopter company).[br]Further Readingvan Ishoven, 1975, Messerschmitt. Aircraft Designer, London. J.Richard Smith, 1971, Messerschmitt. An Air-craft Album, London.Anthony Pritchard, 1975, Messerschmitt, London (describes Messerschmitt aircraft).JDS / CMBiographical history of technology > Messerschmitt, Willi E.
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10 spritzen
I v/t (hat gespritzt)1. (eine Flüssigkeit) squirt; (größere Menge) spray (auch Parfüm, Pflanzenschutzmittel, Farbe); nass spritzen spray (with water); ungewollt: auch make wet; sich (Dat) etw. aufs Hemd spritzen spatter ( oder splash, spray) s.th. on one’s shirt, spatter etc. one’s shirt with s.th.; Sahne / jemandes Namen auf eine Torte spritzen pipe cream / s.o.’s name on a cake; das Obst ist nicht gespritzt the fruit hasn’t been sprayed3. MED. (Mittel) inject; (Person) auch give s.o. an injection ( oder shot umg.); (Rauschgift) Sl. shoot (up), mainline; sich spritzen give o.s. an injection, inject o.s.; sich spritzen lassen go for ( oder have, get) an injection ( oder shot umg.)4. (Getränk) mix with (soda) water; gespritzt, Gespritzte5. (lackieren) (Auto etc.) sprayII v/i1. (hat) Wasser etc.: splash, spray; Blut: spurt; stärker: gush; heißes Fett: spray; Achtung, es spritzt! watch out, it’s spraying ( oder splashing) all over the place2. (ist) auf etw. spritzen splash onto s.th.; ihm ist Blut auf den Kittel gespritzt blood splashed ( oder spattered) onto his white coat3. (hat) MED. give (s.o.) an injection ( oder shot umg.); umg. (Rauschgift spritzen) Sl. shoot up, mainline; er ist zuckerkrank und muss täglich spritzen he’s (a) diabetic and has to have a daily injection ( oder shot umg.)4. (ist) umg. (eilen) zoom, Brit. auch nip (nach, zu [a]round to)* * *to spatter; to splutter; to squirt; to gush; to spray; to splash; to slosh* * *sprịt|zen ['ʃprɪtsn]1. vt1) Flüssigkeit to spray; (in einem Strahl) Wasser to squirt, to spray; (COOK ) Zuckerguss etc to pipe; (= verspritzen) Wasser, Schmutz etc to splash; (Fahrzeug) to spray, to spatterdie Feuerwehr spritzte Wasser in das brennende Gebäude — the firemen directed their hoses into the burning building
das vorbeifahrende Auto spritzte mir Wasser ins Gesicht — the passing car sprayed or spattered water in my face
2) (= lackieren) Auto, Gegenstand to spray3) Wein to dilute with soda waterSee:→ Gespritzte(r)4) (= injizieren) Serum etc to inject; Heroin etc to inject, to shoot (up) (inf); (= eine Injektion geben) to give injections/an injectionHeroin spritzen — to inject (oneself with) heroin, to shoot (up) heroin (inf)
2. vi1) aux haben or sein (Wasser, Schlamm) to spray, to splash; (heißes Fett) to spit; (Blut) to spray; (in einem Strahl) to spurt; (aus einer Tube, Wasserpistole etc) to squirtes spritzte gewaltig, als er ins Wasser plumpste — there was an enormous splash when he fell into the water
die Feuerwehr spritzte in das brennende Gebäude — the firemen directed their hoses into the burning building
2) (= lackieren) to spray3) (= sich injizieren) to inject oneselfer spritzt seit einem Jahr (inf) — he has been shooting (up) or mainlining for a year (sl); (Diabetiker) he has been injecting himself for a year
4) aux sein inf = eilen) to dash, to nip (Brit inf)* * *1) (to cover with a mist or with fine jets of liquid: He sprayed the roses to kill pests.) spray2) (to (cause to) fly about in drops: Water splashed everywhere.) splash3) ((of a liquid) to spout or gush: Blood spurted from the wound.) spurt4) (to (make a liquid etc) shoot out in a narrow jet: The elephant squirted water over itself; Water squirted from the hose.) squirt* * *sprit·zen[ˈʃprɪtsn̩]I. viII. vt Hilfsverb: habenjdm/sich etw ins Gesicht \spritzen to squirt sth into sb's/one's face2. (bewässern)▪ etw \spritzen to sprinkle [or water] sth▪ etw \spritzen to inject sth▪ [jdm/sich] etw \spritzen to give [sb/oneself] an injectiondie Pfleger spritzten ihr ein starkes Beruhigungsmittel the nurses injected her with a tranquillizer4. KOCHK▪ etw \spritzen to spray sth* * *1.transitives Verb1) (versprühen) spray; (verspritzen) splash <water, ink, etc.>; spatter <ink etc.>; (in Form eines Strahls) spray, squirt <water, foam, etc.>; pipe <cream etc.>2) (bespritzen, besprühen) water <lawn, tennis court>; water, spray <street, yard>; spray <plants, crops, etc.>; pump < concrete>; (mit Lack) spray <car etc.>jemanden nass spritzen — splash somebody; (mit Wasserpistole, Schlauch) spray somebody
3) (injizieren) inject <drug etc.>4) (spritzend herstellen) create < ice rink> by spraying; pipe <cake-decoration etc.>; produce < plastic article> by injection moulding5) (ugs.): (einer Injektion unterziehen)2.jemanden/sich spritzen — give somebody an injection/inject oneself
intransitives Verb1)2) mit Richtungsangabe mit sein < hot fat> spit; <mud etc.> spatter, splash; <blood, water> spurt* * *A. v/t (hat gespritzt)nass spritzen spray (with water); ungewollt: auch make wet;sich (dat)etwas aufs Hemd spritzen spatter ( oder splash, spray) sth on one’s shirt, spatter etc one’s shirt with sth;Sahne/jemandes Namen auf eine Torte spritzen pipe cream/sb’s name on a cake;das Obst ist nicht gespritzt the fruit hasn’t been sprayed2. (sprengen) spray, sprinkle (mit with); (Garten, Pflanzen mit Wasser) water3. MED (Mittel) inject; (Person) auch give sb an injection ( oder shot umg); (Rauschgift) sl shoot (up), mainline;sich spritzen give o.s. an injection, inject o.s.;5. (lackieren) (Auto etc) sprayB. v/iAchtung, es spritzt! watch out, it’s spraying ( oder splashing) all over the place2. (ist)auf etwas spritzen splash onto sth;ihm ist Blut auf den Kittel gespritzt blood splashed ( oder spattered) onto his white coat3. (hat) MED give (sb) an injection ( oder shot umg); umg (Rauschgift spritzen) sl shoot up, mainline;er ist zuckerkrank und muss täglich spritzen he’s (a) diabetic and has to have a daily injection ( oder shot umg)4. (ist) umg (eilen) zoom, Br auch nip (nach, zu [a]round to)* * *1.transitives Verb1) (versprühen) spray; (verspritzen) splash <water, ink, etc.>; spatter <ink etc.>; (in Form eines Strahls) spray, squirt <water, foam, etc.>; pipe <cream etc.>2) (bespritzen, besprühen) water <lawn, tennis court>; water, spray <street, yard>; spray <plants, crops, etc.>; pump < concrete>; (mit Lack) spray <car etc.>jemanden nass spritzen — splash somebody; (mit Wasserpistole, Schlauch) spray somebody
3) (injizieren) inject <drug etc.>4) (spritzend herstellen) create < ice rink> by spraying; pipe <cake-decoration etc.>; produce < plastic article> by injection moulding5) (ugs.): (einer Injektion unterziehen)2.jemanden/sich spritzen — give somebody an injection/inject oneself
intransitives Verb1)2) mit Richtungsangabe mit sein < hot fat> spit; <mud etc.> spatter, splash; <blood, water> spurt -
11 изменение
с.variation, change; modificationвносить изменения в... — make changes in..., introduce changes in..., introduce alternations in...
вызывать изменения — produce changes in...
изменение геометрических характеристик аттрактора на каждом шаге удвоения периода — change in the geometrical characteristics of the attractor at each stage of period doubling
изменение, зависящее от A — A-dependent change
- азимутальное изменение угла установки лопастиизменение скорости в турбулентной затопленной струе, бьющей из бесконечно длинной тонкой щели — velocity variation in a submerged turbulent jet running out of an infinitely long thin slit
- бесконечно малое изменение
- вековое изменение
- внутриатомное изменение
- длительное изменение реактивности
- изменение агрегатного состояния
- изменение блеска
- изменение во времени
- изменение времени жизни состояния во внешнем электрическом поле
- изменение габитуса
- изменение давления
- изменение знака потока
- изменение знака
- изменение изотопного состава
- изменение количества движения
- изменение масштаба
- изменение наклонения земной оси
- изменение направления на обратное
- изменение направления
- изменение общего угла установки лопастей
- изменение объёма
- изменение ориентации спина
- изменение размеров
- изменение реактивности при разогреве
- изменение реактивности
- изменение свободной энергии
- изменение свойств системы во времени
- изменение сечения
- изменение состояния
- изменение спектра из-за тороидальных эффектов
- изменение температуры по глубине
- изменение температуры
- изменение фазы на 180 градусов
- изменение фазы
- изменение формы
- изменение цвета
- изменение цветовой адаптации
- изменение чётности
- изменение чувствительности
- изменение широты
- изменение энергии
- логарифмическое изменение энергии
- наведённое изменение населённостей
- наведённое изменение показателя преломления
- необратимое изменение
- обратимое изменение
- относительное изменение
- периодическое изменение
- плавное изменение
- пространственное изменение
- резкое изменение потенциала
- резкое изменение
- релятивистское изменение массы
- сезонные изменения
- симметрийное изменение
- скачкообразное изменение
- структурное изменение
- ступенчатое изменение реактивности
- ступенчатое изменение
- суточное изменение
- ультраструктурное изменение
- циклическое изменение угла установки лопастей
- циклическое изменение -
12 gas
m invar gasa gas gas attrgas asfissiante poison gasgas lacrimogeno tear gasgas naturale natural gasgas di scarico exhaust (fumes)* * *gas s.m.1 (fis., chim.) gas: gas perfetto, ideal (o perfect) gas; gas nobili, noble gases; gas d'acqua, water gas; gas liquido, liquid gas; gas non solforoso, sweet gas; gas poco denso, subtle gas; gas asfissiante, tossico, poison (o asphyxiating) gas; gas delle miniere, fire damp; gas di miniera, mefitico, chokedamp (o black damp); gas delle paludi, methane (o natural gas o marsh gas); gas esilarante, laughing gas (o nitrous oxide); gas illuminante, illuminating (o coal-)gas; gas lacrimogeno, tear gas; gas nervino, nerve gas (o sarin); gas di scarico, exhaust (gas); gas ( a effetto) serra, greenhouse gas; illuminazione a gas, gaslighting; lampione a gas, gaslamp; luce a gas, gaslight; stufa, calorifero a gas, gas fire; riscaldato a gas, gas-heated; apparecchi a gas, gas fittings; cucina a gas, gas cooker; fornello a gas, gas ring; forno a gas, gas oven, (ind.) gas furnace; scaldabagno a gas, gas-heater; fuga di gas, gas leak; esplosione di gas, gas explosion; contatore del gas, gas meter; esattore del gas, gasman; becco, ugello del gas, gas burner (o gas jet); conduttura del gas, gas pipe (o gas main); serbatoio del gas, gasholder; società del gas, gas company; officina del gas, gasworks; accendere, spegnere il gas, to turn on, to turn off the gas; alzare, abbassare il gas, to turn up, to turn down the gas; fornire di gas, to supply with gas; convertire in gas, to gasify; che produce, simile a gas, gassy // camera a gas, gas chamber; asfissiare, avvelenare con gas, to gas // (fis.) costante dei gas, gas constant // (geol.) cappa di gas, gas cap2 ( benzina) petrol; (fam.) gas; (amer.) gasoline: motore a gas, gas engine; dare gas ( a un motore), to step on the gas (o to rev up o to accelerate); andare a tutto gas, to go at full speed (o flat out).* * *[ɡas]1. sm inv1) gasscaldabagno/stufa a gas — gas boiler/heater
2) Autodare gas — to step on the gas, accelerate
a tutto gas (anche) fig — at full speed
2.* * *[gas]sostantivo maschile invariabile gascucina, stufa a gas gas cooker, heater; accendere, spegnere il gas — to turn on, off the gas
gas di scarico — aut. exhaust emissions
••a tutto gas — at a breathless pace, at full speed
* * *gas/gas/m.inv.gas; cucina, stufa a gas gas cooker, heater; accendere, spegnere il gas to turn on, off the gas\a tutto gas at a breathless pace, at full speed\gas asfissiante poison gas; gas esilarante laughing gas; gas lacrimogeno tear gas; gas di scarico aut. exhaust emissions. -
13 ekarri
iz.1. ( hitz etorria) eloquence, glib, fluency, palaver formala. ; \ekarri ederra du he's glib | he's got the gift of gab ; ez daukat modurik haren \ekarriari erantzuteko I'm unable to answer his glibness; \ekarri handiko hizlaria an eloquent speaker ; \ekarri oneko well-spoken, articulate, eloquent2. ( irabazia) income, earnings; aitaren \ekarria ez zen nahikoa etxeko gastuei aurre egiteko Dad's income wasn't enough to meet household expenses3.a. ( lilura, joera) propensity, liking, penchantb. inclination, fondness, liking, bent4.a. ( fruitua) fruit, productb. ( zeremana) contribution; Aita Barandiaranen \ekarria Aita Barandiaren's contributionc. ( emaitza) production; baratza honek \ekarri onak izan ditu this vegetable garden's had a good yield6. ( zeremana) contribution du/ad.1.a. to bring, fetch, get; \ekarri hona! bring it over here!; berriz \ekarri to bring back; zer dakarzu? what are you bringing? egunero zer ekartzen duzu? what do you bring every day? ; \ekarri! hand it over! ; \ekarriko ditut behiak tegira I'll bring the cows to the stableb. ( garraioek) to carry, transportc. to hold, bear; burua gora ekartzen du he holds his head highd. ( izen) to bear \ekarri behar duzu arbasoen izena you must bear your ancestors' name; Georges Pompidou zenaren izena dakarren erakundea the organization that bears the name of the late Georges Pompidoue. (l andareak, animali mota) to introduce ( -ra: to)2. ( aldizkaria, egunkaria) to carry, have, print ; egunkari honek ez dakar ezer Mongoliako politikari buruz this paper doesn't carry anything about Mongolian politics3. ( sorrarazi, behartu)a. to bring up; hori erran nion, solasak \ekarririk I told him that as it came up in the conversation; arazoak besterik ez dizkizu ekartzen it {causes || brings} you nothing but problems ; erabaki horrek kalteak \ekarriko ditu that decision will bring about harmb. ( behartu; bultzatu) to make, bear down on i-r e-r egitera \ekarri to bear down on sb to do sth ; honek nakar zuri idaztera that {made || induced} me to write you ; mendera \ekarri to subduec. ( gorrotoa) to bring about, stir up, cause, give rise to ; eztabaida horiek gorrotoa dakarte those arguments cause hatredd. gogora \ekarri to remind ; egoera horrek Lehenengo Mundu Gerra gogora dakarkit that reminds me of the First World War4. ( aipatu, aitatu) to quote, cite; ekartzen dizkizut haren hitz berak I'll quote you his very words ; istorioak ekartzen du the story mentions him ; nitaz dakarren lekutasuna the testimony referring to me5.a. ( lege) to invoke, evokeb. ( salapen, e.a.) to bring ; ez zen salapena \ekarri the charge wasn't brought6.a. ( eman) to hand, pass; \ekarri plater hori! hand me that plate!b. ( maitatasuna, obedientzia, e.a.) to have, bear; gurasoei obedientzia \ekarri behar diegu we must obey our parents ; gurasoei begirunea \ekarri behar diezu you must have respect for your parents ; gain-gaineko amodioa ekartzen dio she loves him intensely7. ( suposatu) to mean; gerlak heriotza dakar berarekin war means death; horrek diru asko dakar berarekin that means a lot of money8. ( sinestarazi) to bring round, persuade; nahi dudanera \ekarriko dut I'll bring her round to what I want9. ( nozitu, oinazetu) to suffer ; min handiak \ekarri ditu she's suffered great pain11. ( itzuli) to translate (- ra: into)12. ( landareak, alea) to bear, produce13. ( gutxitu) to bring down, reduce nire zorra hutsera \\ erdira \ekarri nahi dut I want to bring my debt down to zero \\ by half14. ( gertu izan) to be near; euria dakar it's going to rain | rain's just around the corner ; laster umea dakar she's going to have a baby soon15. Mat. to multiply; bi hamarrek ekartzen dute hogei two multiplied by ten equals twenty16. ( joera ukan) to tend towards; hordikeriara \ekarria with a propensity for drunkenness17. Kir. (pilota) to return; aise \ekarri\\\ekarridu Galartzak sakez botatakoa he easily returned Galartza's serve18. ( jarraitu) to follow egunak eguna eta ez dira elkar iduriak one day follows the next and they're not alike Oharra: ekarri duten esaerak aurkitzeko, bila itzazu izenaren, adjektiboaren eta abarren adieran, adib., gogora ekarri aurkitzeko, bila ezazu gogora adieran -
14 зона
zone, area, region
- (разбивки ла на зоны, подзоны и участки для удобства обслуживания) (ата-100, 1-6-1) — zone
- восходящих потоков — region of upward currents
- вскрытия обшивки — break-in point, skin chop-out area
зона обозначается желтой краской no углам прямоугольника (рис. 104). — the area is indicated with yellow corner markings.
- вырубания обшивки (после аварийной посадки) — break-in point break-in here (placard)
- высокого (барометрического) давления — high-pressure area
- высокой потенциальной опасности столкновения в воздухе — high potential area for mid-air collisions
- газовой струи двигателя, опасная (при опробывании двигателя на земле) — exhaust jet danger area
- горения (в камере сгорания) — combustion zone
- действия — coverage
- действия (видимости огней) — field оf coverage
field of coverage of anticollision light must extend 30 deg. above and 30 deg. below horizontal plane of aircraft.
- диспетчерской службы — control zone
зона в непосредственной близости от аэропорта (в радиусе ў5 миль от аэропорта), (см. район) — the zone in the immediate vicinity of the airport, with radius of 5 miles
-, запретная воздушная — prohibited area
воздушное пространство над определенным районом, над которым запрещены полеты.
- затенения — shadow region
- затенения (светового маяка) — solid angle of obstructed visibility
-, заштрихованная (графика) — cross-hatched zone
- комплектования (багажа, почты, грузов) — make-up area
-, мертвая — dead spot /zone/
зона у точки нейтрального положения в системе управдения, в которой незначительные перемещения исполнительного механизма не вызывают к-л. срабатывания системы. — in а control system, а region about the neutral control рosition where small movements of the actuator do not produce any response in the system.
- неблагоприятных метеорологических условий — bad-weather zone
- нечувствительности — dead zone
- нечувствительности (в системe управления) — dead spot /zone/
-, нерабочая (шкалы прибора) — dead zone
- низкого (барометрического) давления — low-pressure area
- обзора (рлс) — coverage area
- (возможного) обледенения двигателя — engine area susceptible for icing
- облучения (рлс) — radar beam spot (size)
- обратного (по)тока — reverse flow zone
- ожидания посадки — holding area /point/
- ожидания посадки в условиях правил визуального полета — vfr traffic holding area
-, опасная (напр. грозовой очаг) — dangerous /hazardous/ area
-, опасная (перед воздухозаборником и за реактивным соплом двигателя) (рис. 148) — engine hazard /clearance/ area(s). areas to be cleared in front and aft of the aircraft prior to engine start.
-, опасная, работы рлс — radar danger /clearance, hazard/ area
- осмотра — inspection zone
-, основная (при делении самолета на зоны) — major zone
- отклонения по курсу (при заходе на посадку) — localizer (course) deviation zone
- перед воздухозаборником (двигателя), опасная — air intake danger area
-, переходная — transition zone
-, пожароопасная — designated fire zone
- повышенного внимания (при осмотре, контроле) — thorough inspection zone, zone subject to thorough inspection
- повышенной турбулентности — intense turbulence area
- при опробывании двигателя, опасная — engine clearance /hazard/ area(s)
-, равносигнальная equisignal — zone
зона, в которой сила приема двух радиосигналов одинаковая, при выходе из зоны усиливается слышимость одного или другого сигнала (рис. 120). — in radio navigation, the region in space within which the difference in amplitude between two radio signals is indistinguishable.
- самолета (при разбивке на — aircraft zone зоны)
-, свободная, (сз) (рис. 112, 115) — clearway
- стабилизации высоты (корректором-задатчиком высоты, кзв) — altitude hold zone
- технического обслуживания (ла) — (aircraft) maintenance zone
- торможения потока — stagnation area
- турбулентности, с четким контуром (на экране рлс) — countered intense turbulence area (of display)
- уверенного (радио) приема — reliable radio contact zone
- учета препятствий, (зуп) (рис. 112, 115) — (probable) obstacle area
-, яркостная (на экране рлс) — bright area (on indicator dis
в 3. двигателя — in region of engine
в 3. влияния земли — in ground effect
вне 3. влияния земли — out of ground effect
порядок пребывания в 3. ожидания — holding procedure
висеть в 3. влияния земли (о вертолете) — hover in ground effect
висеть вне 3. влияния земли (о вертолете) — hover out of ground effect
располагаться в (не) пожароопасной 3. — (not to) be located in designated fire zone
следовать в 3. ожидания (над маяком... на высоте...м) — fly to holding area (over beacon at... m)Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > зона
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15 Barber, John
[br]baptized 22 October 1734 Greasley, Nottinghamshire, Englandd. 6 November 1801 Attleborough, Nuneaton, England[br]English inventor of the gas turbine and jet propulsion.[br]He was the son of Francis Barber, coalmaster of Greasley, and Elizabeth Fletcher. In his will of 1765. his uncle, John Fletcher, left the bulk of his property, including collieries and Stainsby House, Horsley Woodhouse, Derbyshire, to John Barber. Another uncle, Robert, bequeathed him property in the next village, Smalley. It is clear that at this time John Barber was a man of considerable means. On a tablet erected by John in 1767, he acknowledges his debt to his uncle John in the words "in remembrance of the man who trained him up from a youth". At this time John Barber was living at Stainsby House and had already been granted his first patent, in 1766. The contents of this patent, which included a reversible water turbine, and his subsequent patents, suggest that he was very familiar with mining equipment, including the Newcomen engine. It comes as rather a surprise that c.1784 he became bankrupt and had to leave Stainsby House, evidently moving to Attleborough. In a strange twist, a descendent of Mr Sitwell, the new owner, bought the prototype Akroyd Stuart oil engine from the Doncaster Show in 1891.The second and fifth (final) patents, in 1773 and 1792, were concerned with smelting and the third, in 1776, featured a boiler-mounted impulse steam turbine. The fourth and most important patent, in 1791, describes and engine that could be applied to the "grinding of corn, flints, etc.", "rolling, slitting, forging or battering iron and other metals", "turning of mills for spinning", "turning up coals and other minerals from mines", and "stamping of ores, raising water". Further, and importantly, the directing of the fluid stream into smelting furnaces or at the stern of ships to propel them is mentioned. The engine described comprised two retorts for heating coal or oil to produce an inflammable gas, one to operate while the other was cleansed and recharged. The resultant gas, together with the right amount of air, passed to a beam-operated pump and a water-cooled combustion chamber, and then to a water-cooled nozzle to an impulse gas turbine, which drove the pumps and provided the output. A clear description of the thermodynamic sequence known as the Joule Cycle (Brayton in the USA) is thus given. Further, the method of gas production predates Murdoch's lighting of the Soho foundry by gas.It seems unlikely that John Barber was able to get his engine to work; indeed, it was well over a hundred years before a continuous combustion chamber was achieved. However, the details of the specification, for example the use of cooling water jackets and injection, suggest that considerable experimentation had taken place.To be active in the taking out of patents over a period of 26 years is remarkable; that the best came after bankruptcy is more so. There is nothing to suggest that the cost of his experiments was the cause of his financial troubles.[br]Further ReadingA.K.Bruce, 1944, "John Barber and the gas turbine", Engineer 29 December: 506–8; 8 March (1946):216, 217.C.Lyle Cummins, 1976, Internal Fire, Carnot Press.JB -
16 Douglas, Donald Wills
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 6 April 1892 Brooklyn, New York, USAd. 1 February 1981 Palm Springs, California, USA[br]American aircraft designer best known for bis outstanding airliner', the DC-3.[br]In 1912 Donald Douglas went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to study aeronautical engineering. After graduating in this relatively new subject he joined the Glenn L.Martin Company as Chief Engineer. In 1920 he founded the Davis-Douglas Company in California to build an aircraft capable of flying across America non-stop: unfortunately, the Cloudster failed to achieve its target. Douglas reorganized the company in 1921 as the Douglas Company (later it became the Douglas Aircraft Company). In 1924 a team of US Army personnel made the first round-the-world flight in specially designed Douglas World Cruisers, a feat which boosted Douglas's reputation considerably. This reputation was further enhanced by his airliner, designed in 1935, that revolutionized air travel: the Douglas Commercial 3, or DC-3, of which some 13,000 were built. A series of piston-engined airliners followed, culminating in the DC-7. Meanwhile, in the military field, Douglas aircraft played a major part in the Second World War. In the jet age Douglas continued to produce a wide range of successful civil and military aircraft, and the company also moved into the rocket and guided missile business. In 1966 Donald W. Douglas was still Chairman of the company, with Donald W.Douglas Jr as President. In 1967 the company merged with the McDonnell Aircraft Company to become the giant McDonnell Douglas Corporation.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsAmerican Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Daniel Guggenheim Medal 1939.Bibliography1935, "The development and reliability of the modern multi-engined airliner", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, London (lecture).Further ReadingB.Yenne, 1985, McDonnell Douglas: A Tale of Two Giants, London (pays some attention to both Douglas and McDonnell, but also covers the history of the companies and the aircraft they produced).René J.Francillon, 1979, McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920, London; 1988, 2nd edn (a comprehensive history of the company's aircraft).JDS -
17 Hornblower, Jonathan
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 1753 Cornwall (?), Englandd. 1815 Penryn, Cornwall, England[br]English mining engineer who patented an early form of compound steam engine.[br]Jonathan came from a family with an engineering tradition: his grandfather Joseph had worked under Thomas Newcomen. Jonathan was the sixth child in a family of thirteen whose names all began with "J". In 1781 he was living at Penryn, Cornwall and described himself as a plumber, brazier and engineer. As early as 1776, when he wished to amuse himself by making a small st-eam engine, he wanted to make something new and wondered if the steam would perform more than one operation in an engine. This was the foundation for his compound engine. He worked on engines in Cornwall, and in 1778 was Engineer at the Ting Tang mine where he helped Boulton \& Watt erect one of their engines. He was granted a patent in 1781 and in that year tried a large-scale experiment by connecting together two engines at Wheal Maid. Very soon John Winwood, a partner in a firm of iron founders at Bristol, acquired a share in the patent, and in 1782 an engine was erected in a colliery at Radstock, Somerset. This was probably not very successful, but a second was erected in the same area. Hornblower claimed greater economy from his engines, but steam pressures at that time were not high enough to produce really efficient compound engines. Between 1790 and 1794 ten engines with his two-cylinder arrangement were erected in Cornwall, and this threatened Boulton \& Watt's near monopoly. At first the steam was condensed by a surface condenser in the bottom of the second, larger cylinder, but this did not prove very successful and later a water jet was used. Although Boulton \& Watt proceeded against the owners of these engines for infringement of their patent, they did not take Jonathan Hornblower to court. He tried a method of packing the piston rod by a steam gland in 1781 and his work as an engineer must have been quite successful, for he left a considerable fortune on his death.[br]Bibliography1781, British patent no. 1,298 (compound steam engine).Further ReadingR.Jenkins, 1979–80, "Jonathan Hornblower and the compound engine", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 11.J.Tann, 1979–80, "Mr Hornblower and his crew, steam engine pirates in the late 18th century", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 51.J.Farey, 1827, A Treatise on the Steam Engine, Historical, Practical and Descriptive, reprinted 1971, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles (an almost contemporary account of the compound engine).D.S.L.Cardwell, 1971, From Watt to Clausius. The Rise of Thermo dynamics in the Early Industrial Age, London: Heinemann.H.W.Dickinson, 1938, A Short History of the Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press.R.L.Hills, 1989, Power from Steam. A History of the Stationary Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press.RLH -
18 подъемный
аэродинамическая подъемная силаaerodynamic liftаэростатическая подъемная силаaerostatic liftвентилятор для создания подъемной силыlift fanгаситель подъемной силыlift dumperдатчик подъемной силыlift transducerдиапазон изменения подъемной силыlift rangeзапас подъемной силыmargin of liftконфигурация при высокой подъемной силеhigh lift configurationкоэффициент подъемной силыlift coefficientкрыло с механизацией для обеспечения большей подъемной силыhigh-lift devices wingлобовое сопротивление при нулевой подъемной силеzero-lift dragнаправление подъемной силыlift directionнулевая подъемная силаzero liftось подъемной силыlift axisотрицательная подъемная силаnegative liftподъемная силаlift force, lift, ascensional force, buoyancy, lifting powerподъемная сила крылаwing liftподъемная сила несущего винтаrotor liftподъемная стрелаderrickподъемное оборудованиеhoisting provisionsподъемное приспособлениеlifting attachmentподъемный реактивный двигательlift jet engineпотребная подъемная силаrequired liftпри нулевой подъемной силеat zero liftрасполагаемая подъемная силаavailable liftраспределение подъемной силыlift distributionрезко увеличивать подъемную силу вертолетаpull up the helicopterсистема управления подъемной силойdirect lift control systemсоздавать подъемную силу1. create lift2. produce lift составляющая подъемной силыlift componentточка нулевой подъемной силыzero lift pointугол нулевой подъемной силыzero-lift angleустройство для уменьшения подъемной силы крылаlift dump deviceфактическая подъемная силаactual liftцентр подъемной силыcenter liftшум от системы увеличения подъемной силыaugmented lift system noise
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